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Streptococcus agalactiae
''Streptococcus agalactiae'' (also known as Group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus with a tendency to form chains (streptococcus), beta-hemolytic, catalase-negative, and facultative anaerobe. ''Streptococcus agalactiae'' is the species designation for streptococci belonging to the group B of the Rebecca Lancefield classification. GBS is surrounded by a bacterial capsule composed of polysaccharides (exopolysacharide). GBS are subclassified into ten serotypes (Ia, Ib, II–IX) depending on the immunologic reactivity of their polysaccharide capsule.〔 In general, GBS is a harmless commensal bacterium being part of the human microbiota colonizing the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract of up to 30% of healthy human adults (asymptomatic carriers).
==Lab identification==
GBS grows readily on blood agar plates as colonies surrounded by a narrow zone of β-hemolysis. GBS is characterized by the presence in the cell wall of the antigen group B of Lancefield classification (Lancefield grouping) that can be detected directly in intact bacteria using latex agglutination tests. The CAMP test is also another important test for identification of GBS. The CAMP factor produced by GBS acts synergistically with the staphylococcal β-hemolysin inducing enhanced hemolysis of sheep or bovine erythrocytes.〔 GBS is also able to hydrolyze hippurate and this test can also be used to identify presumptively GBS.〔
Hemolytic GBS strains produce an orange-brick-red non-isoprenoid polyene pigment (granadaene) when cultivated on granada medium that allows its straightforward identification.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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